Gender Differences in Stress- and Burnout-Related Factors of University Professors

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to analyse the gender differences in stress-related factors of university professors. A cross-sectional study was carried out, where gender differences in psychological, nutrition, physical activity, and oral health stress-related factors were analysed in 470 Spanish university professors (58.7% male and 41.3% female, $42.1\pm 9.2\text{years}$ ) through a compendium of questionnaires. The results showed how females presented significantly ( $p\le 0.05$ ) higher scores than males in perceived stress (females: $22.15\pm 4.40$ vs. males: $19.69\pm 3.61$ ), emotional exhaustion (females: $20.86\pm 9.51$ vs. males: $16.44\pm 9.12$ ), and neuroticism (females: $5.53\pm 1.97$ vs. males: $4.77\pm 1.96$ ). These results may be related to higher probabilities to suffer the burnout syndrome, showing possible physical symptoms of this psychological disorder such as dry mouth and gastritis or heartburn. We concluded that female professors presented higher burnout perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, and neuroticism levels than males. Females also presented higher dry mouth, gastritis, and heartburn than males. Female professors showed healthier nutritional habits than males, presenting higher consumption of milk products and fruit per day, a higher number of meals, and less eating between hours and fried food consumption. Nevertheless, females consumed fewer water glasses and practised less weekly sport than male professors.