Contribution of Infrapatellar Fat Pad and Synovial Membrane to Knee Osteoarthritis Pain

Author:

Belluzzi Elisa1ORCID,Stocco Elena23ORCID,Pozzuoli Assunta1ORCID,Granzotto Marnie4,Porzionato Andrea23ORCID,Vettor Roberto4,De Caro Raffaele23,Ruggieri Pietro5,Ramonda Roberta6,Rossato Marco4ORCID,Favero Marta6ORCID,Macchi Veronica23

Affiliation:

1. Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

2. Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy

3. L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy

4. Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Italy

5. Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

6. Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Italy

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in the adult population. Interestingly, there are patients with symptomatic OA displaying pain, while patients with asymptomatic OA that do not experience pain but show radiographic signs of joint damage. Pain is a complex experience integrating sensory, affective, and cognitive processes related to several peripheral and central nociceptive factors besides inflammation. During the last years, the role of infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), other than the synovial membrane, has been investigated as a potential source of pain in OA. Interestingly, new findings suggest that IFP and synovial membrane might act as a functional unit in OA pathogenesis and pain. The present review discuss the role of IFP and synovial membrane in the development of OA, with a particular focus on pain onset and the possible involved mediators that may play a role in OA pathology and pain mechanisms. Inflammation of IFP and synovial membrane may drive peripheral and central sensitization in KOA. Since sensitization is associated with pain severity in knee OA and may potentially contribute to the transition from acute to chronic, persistent pain in knee OA, preventing sensitization would be a potentially effective and novel means of preventing worsening of pain in knee OA.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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