Antimicrobial Activity of a Cationic Guanidine Compound against Two Pathogenic Oral Bacteria

Abstract

This study evaluated the potential antimicrobial properties of a polyguanidine (CatDex) on two oral bacteria. Chlorhexidine gluconate 1340 μmoL L−1(CHX 0.12%) was used as control.Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)andPorphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)were grown in BHI media. Bacterial sensitivity and antimicrobial activity were determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Kirby-Bauer methods. To study side effects, that is, toxicity, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were used. Fluorometric cytotoxicity and confocal microscopy assays were used in order to test cell viability. CatDex inhibited growth ofS. mutansat all concentrations and growth ofP. gingivalisat all concentrations except 25 μmoL L−1. The MIC of CatDex was 50 μmoL L−1for bothS. mutansandP. gingivalis. The inhibition of bacteria exposed for 8 h at 50 μmoL L−1of CatDex exhibited increased antimicrobial activity over time, with 91% inhibition in both bacteria. The antimicrobial activities of CatDex and CHX were similar when tested on two common bacteria. CatDex was significantly less toxic to DPSCs. CatDex toxicity depended on time and not on concentration. With regard to clinical relevance, CatDex may have potential as a novel antimicrobial agent. Further studies are in progress.