100 Gy60Coγ-Ray Induced Novel Mutations in Tetraploid Wheat

Abstract

10 accessions of tetraploid wheat were radiated with 100 Gy60Coγ-ray. The germination energy, germination rate, special characters (secondary tillering, stalk with wax powder, and dwarf), meiotic process, and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) were observed. Different species has different radiation sensibility. With 1 seed germinated (5%),T. dicoccum(PI434999) is the most sensitive to this dose of radiation. With a seed germination rate of 35% and 40%, this dose also affectedT. polonicum(As304) andT. carthlicum(As293). Two mutant dwarf plants,T. turgidum(As2255) 253-10 andT. polonicum(As302) 224-14, were detected. Abnormal chromosome pairings were observed in pollen mother cells of bothT. dicoccoides(As835) 237-9 andT. dicoccoides(As838) 239-8 with HMW-GS 1Ax silent in seeds from them. Compared with the unirradiated seed ofT. polonicum(As304) CK, a novel HMW-GS was detected in seed ofT. polonicum(As304) 230-7 and its electrophoretic mobility was between 1By8 and 1Dy12 which were the HMW-GSs of Chinese Spring. These mutant materials would be resources for wheat breeding.