1. Active and passive euthanasia;Rachels,1986
2. Withholding or withdrawing life-prolonging treatment — guidance for decision making,1999
3. Foreseeing is not necessarily the same as intending;Gillon;BMJ,1999
4. The moral character of clinicians or the best interests of patients?;Doyal;BMJ,1999
5. Principles of biomedical ethics;Beauchamp,2001