Intestinal microecology dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies

Abstract

<p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by non-infectious, chronic, and recurrent inflammation in the intestine, with unclear pathogenesis and increasing incidence. Currently, immunosuppressive drugs are commonly used in the clinical treatment of IBD to alleviate intestinal inflammation, but their effectiveness is not ideal. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the pathogenesis of IBD and develop new therapeutic strategies. As a significant component of the intestinal barrier, the microbiota is closely related to metabolism, barrier protection, and immune regulation. With advances in research technology, the pivotal role of intestinal microecology dysbiosis in the progression of IBD has gained attention in recent years. Microbial therapies, including microecological modulators, fecal microbiota transplantation, and phage therapy have also become research hotspots in IBD treatment, showing promising applications. However, the complex relationship between intestinal microecology and IBD remains unclear, and clinical trials investigating microbial therapies face limitations. To inspire further research, this review thoroughly summarizes the physiological structure and function of intestinal microecology, as well as the characteristics and pathogenesis of microecology dysbiosis in IBD patients. We also analyze the research status of microbial therapies for IBD and the application of organoid models in preclinical studies.</p>