Laboratory Diagnostics of Primary Hyperaldosteronism and its Peculiarities (Literature Review)

Abstract

The final stage of the diagnostic of primary hyperaldosteronism is to identify the causes of excessive secretion of aldosterone and determination of its variants. Based on the analysis of literature data, the diagnostic value, sensitivity and specificity of the methods of radiation diagnostics for primary hyperaldosteronism were assessed: ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, photon emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scintigraphy with iodine radiopharmaceuticals. The causes of false-positive and false-negative evaluations of changes in adrenal glands in the application of these diagnostics have been analyzed. There are many genetic and morphological studies when searching the literature data on the principles and methods of distinguishing the nosological forms of primary hyperaldosteronism based on the results of the aldosterone level estimation in the separated blood from the central veins of both adrenal glands or segmental veins of one gland with subsequent determination of the concentration gradient. It was noted that topical diagnostics and, especially, the determination of nosological forms of primary hyperaldosteronism are complex and expensive, but their results allow choosing an appropriate treatment approach for each particular case.