Inflammation in maternal obesity – pathological mechanisms and impact on pregnancy outcomes and offspring health

Abstract

The escalating prevalence of obesity among women of childbearing age has resulted in a significant proportion of pregnancies occurring in individuals with elevated Body Mass Index (BMI). Maternal obesity has emerged as a critical concern due to its extensive negative health repercussions and its association with a spectrum of pregnancy complications, encompassing miscarriage, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, among others. Infants born to obese mothers face heightened risks of adverse outcomes, including obesity, diabetes and neurodevelopmental disorders. These health issues are underpinned by several intricate pathological mechanisms, chief among them being chronic low-grade inflammation, metabolic dysfunction and disturbances in adipokine levels. Maternal obesity has substantial implications for both short-term and long-term pregnancy outcomes, affecting the health of both the mother and the offspring. The precise mechanisms linking maternal obesity to these long-term health impacts are multifaceted and not yet fully elucidated. However, they involve the mediation of inflammatory factors and disruptions in the development of fetal tissues. It is imperative to devise strategies that can mitigate the repercussions of maternal obesity on pregnancy and offspring health. These strategies warrant additional research and intervention endeavors. Moreover, they underscore the importance of proactive measures implemented before conception to enhance the well-being and quality of life of both mothers and their offspring. Ultimately, addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by maternal obesity is a critical imperative in the realm of maternal and child health.