Continuous positive airway pressure effect on visual acuity in patients with type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea: a multicentre randomised controlled trial

Abstract

We sought to establish whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in people with type 2 diabetes and diabetic macular oedema (DMO) improved visual acuity.We randomly assigned 131 eligible patients aged 30–85 years from 23 UK centres with significant DMO causing visual impairment (LogMAR letters identified ≥39 and ≤78, score 0.92–0.14) plus severe OSA on screening to either usual ophthalmology care (n=67) or usual ophthalmology care plus CPAP (n=64) for 12 months.Mean age of participants was 64 years, 73% male, mean body mass index 35.0 kg·m−2. Mean 4% oxygen desaturation index was 36 events·h−1. There was no significant difference in the visual acuity at 12 months between the CPAP group and the control group (mean LogMAR 0.33 (95% CI 0.29–0.37) versus 0.31 (95% CI 0.27–0.35); p=0.39), and no significant correlation between change in LogMAR and average CPAP use. The median±sd (range) daily CPAP use was 3.33±2.25 (0–7.93) h at 3 months, 3.19±2.54 (0–8.07) h at 6 months and 3.21±2.70 (0–7.98) h at 12 months.CPAP therapy for OSA did not improve visual acuity in people with type 2 diabetes and DMO compared with usual care alone over 12 months.