1. Or ‘The Periplus of the Erythraen Sea.’ In this paper, from this point on, the work shall be referred to as the PME. Editor’s Note: A periplus was a manuscript document that listed, in order, the ports and coastal landmarks, with approximate intervening distances, that the captain of a vessel could expect to find along a shore, similar to the later Roman itineraria with respect to land routes. The notes made by Greek navigators often became additions to Greek geography. In that sense the periplus was a type of log.
2. Lionel Casson, trans. The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary (Princeton, 1989): p. 5.
3. Lionel Casson, ‘Periplus Maris Erythraei: Notes on the Text,’ in The Journal of Hellenic Studies 102 (1982), p. 204. Scholars seem to uphold that this manuscript is copied faithfully from the original trade manuscript that would have been penned by the ancient merchant author.
4. G. W. B. Huntingford, trans. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea; by an Unknown Author (London, 1980).
5. Hjalmar Frisk, La Pèriple de la Mer Érythrèe, Suivi d’une étude sur la tradition et la langue (Göteborgs, 1927).