1. Ray Nies Manuscript, Holland Museum Archives (Holland, Michigan).
2. Roger Philippe,The American Enemy: The History of French Anti-Americanism, trans. by Sharon Bowman (University of Chicago Press, 2005).
3. Sinke SuzanneM, ‘Transnational Visions of Gender and Class in Dutch Migration’, inThe Dutch-American Experience: Essays in Honor of Robert P. Swierenga, ed. by Hans Krabbendam and Larry J. Wagenaar. (Amsterdam: VU Press 2000).
4. Woodson CarterG,A Century of Negro Migration(Washington DC, 1918), p. 114.