1. M. Fissel,The Bishops’ Wars(Cambridge, 1994), 3–6; K. Sharpe,The Personal Rule of Charles I(London, 1992), 797–802.
2. Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, Staffordshire, Leicestershire, Derbyshire, Rutland, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmorland, Durham and the corporate towns of Hull and Newcastle: The National Archive, State Papers Domestic, Charles I, Great Britain, series II, 1625–1702 (hereafter TNA, SP) 16/409/59. Fissel,Bishops’ Wars, 192, claims that James I’s attempts at eradicating the border between England and Scotland had led to a serious neglect of the military defenses of the northern counties. This was partly amended in the first years of the Thirty Years War, although the northern counties were reluctant in showing military vigour. In the end, the northern defenses were still quite soft in the 1630s, with a firmer second line consisting of Yorkshire, Lancashire and Durham. By 1638, on paper, the English defense forces were 93,718 infantry and 5239 cavalry strong (Fissel,Bishops’ Wars, 195). A more positive assessment of a northern militia by D. Carter, ‘The ‘Exact Militia’ in Lancashire, 1625–1640,Northern Hist., XI (1975), 87–106.
3. TNA, SP 16/409/106, Minutes of the proceedings of the Committee of the North, 17 January 1639. See also 409/121 and a proposed breakdown per county in 409/148. Aristocrats were asked for individual contributions of men to this army in 409/178.
4. C. Holmes,Why was Charles I Executed?(London, 2006), 4.
5. Sharpe,Personal Rule, 797–8.