1. ODNB: A. Winchester, ‘Reginald Bainbrigg’; D. Chambers, ‘Christopher Bainbridge’; A. Löwe, ‘John Boste’; H. Summerson, ‘Robert Langton’; D. Wright, ‘Thomas Langton’.
2. Atkinson G. ‘John Robinson’, Worthies of Westmorland, or Notable Persons born in that County since the Reformation,ii(1849, 1851), 151–60.
3. Wraxall N.Historical and Posthumous Memoirs, ed. H.B. Wheatley (1815, 1884),i, 128. There is a copy of Joseph’s portrait in Appleby Grammar School library, and a black-and-white print hangs in Appleby Moot Hall. It is reproduced inODNB.
4. Atkinson’s portrait was painted in Britain around 1780 by the American artist who later portrayed President George Washington (Fig. 1).
5. Charlotte Smith,The Young Philosopher(1798), ed. A.A. Markley,Works of C.S.,x(2006), 192–93, 216–18, 293–97: the minor character Sir Appulby Gorges, speaking in ‘a north country snapping sort of croak’, is an unflattering portrait of Robinson. See A. Connell, ‘The Creativity of Hatred? Charlotte Smith’s Literary Assaults on John Robinson, MP’, scheduled for publication inEighteenth Century Women,vii(Philadelphia, 2013).