1. See in particular Richard Brent,Liberal Anglican Politics: Whiggery, Religion, and Reform, 1830–1841(Oxford, 1987); Peter Mandler,Aristocratic Government in the Age of Reform: Whigs and Liberals, 1830–1852(Oxford, 1990); Jonathan Parry,The Rise and Fall of Liberal Government in Victorian Britain(1993).
2. Benjamin Weinstein,Liberalism and Local Government in Early Victorian London(Woodbridge, 2011).
3. Philip Salmon,Electoral Reform at Work: Local Politics and National Parties, 1832–1841(Woodbridge, 2002), p. 264.
4. B(ritish) L(ibrary), Cobden Papers, Additional MSS, 43664, fol. 153, Richard Cobden to Edward Baines junior, 24 Jun. 1844.
5. Thompson F.M.L. ‘Whigs and Liberals in the West Riding, 1830–60’,English Historical Review,lxxiv(1959), 214–39; Derek Fraser, ‘Voluntaryism and West Riding Politics in the Mid Nineteenth Century’,Northern History,xiii(1977), 199–231. In contrast, important aspects of West Riding radicalism have been insightfully explored in Robert Gray,The Factory Question and Industrial England, 1830–1860(Cambridge, 1996); and Malcolm Chase,Chartism: A New History(Manchester, 2007). The Riding’s radical tradition is thus not examined in any detail here.