1. Mendeleev's chemical ether, electrons, and the atomic theory
2. H. A. Lorentz,The Theory of Electrons, 2nd edn. (lectures delivered at Columbia University, 1906), Dover Reprint: New York, 1952, p. 31. For nineteenth-century aether physics, see K. F. Schaffner,Nineteenth-Century Aether Theories, Oxford, 1972; B. G. Doran, "Origins and consolidation of field theory in nineteenth-century Britain: from the mechanical to the electromagnetic view of nature",Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, (1975),6, 133–260, and Cantor and Hodge,op. cit. (1).