Abstract
Regular vascular access for haemodialysis requires a good calibre vein with high flow. This is typically achieved by anastomosing the radial artery to the cephalic vein at the wrist, the classic Brescia–Cimino arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Alternatives include brachial artery to cephalic/basilic vein and bridge graft fistulas. Ultrasound provides an inexpensive and non-invasive method of monitoring fistula effectiveness, confirming clinical suspicion of stenosis/occlusions and steal. It informs the vascular radiologist regarding the optimal approach to angioplasty and provides rapid assessment of anomalies of the AVF, including diagnosis of aneurysms, thrombus and post-operative fluid collections. This article is intended as an illustrative guide to performing a duplex examination and to clarify some of the problems which may arise.
Subject
Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology