Modern Tools and Methods of Epigenetic Protection of Healthy Aging and Longevity of the Homo sapiens

Abstract

The human brain is the main tool and the most valuable resource on our planet. New epigenetics Homo sapiens and H. sapiens brain manage the interaction of genetic and epigenetic programs of aging and healthy longevity. Epigenetic clocks are mathematical models and artificial intelligence that predict the biological age of a person using DNA methylation data and are the most accurate biomarkers of the aging process. Genetic and epigenetic factors that limit a person’s life expectancy are relevant in biogerontological, biophysical and neurophysiological studies, especially from the point of view of the medical economy. Cerebrovascular aging can be considered from several points of view, including changes in vascular density (number of capillaries and arterioles), vascular plasticity (dynamic regulation of vascular density or structure) and vascular reactivity (adaptation of vessels to acute metabolic changes in tissues). The main control mechanisms in the cerebral circulation are unique in comparison with other vascular channels and include, but are not limited to such features as the blood-brain barrier, perivascular innervation, intracellular communication between neurons, perivascular glial cells and smooth muscle cells, high tissue metabolism, lack of anoxic tolerance and the presence of collateral arteries. Multidisciplinary and multimodal interaction in the triad brain-eyes-vessels makes it possible to identify early biomarkers of both general accelerated and pathological aging, and to diagnose neurodegeneration in a timely manner, and to carry out effective neurorehabilitation of cognitive impairment. Biochipping, neural and brain chips, the next (new) generation sequencing technology will allow the study of the expression of thousands of genes that will be used as biomarkers. Combined and hybrid methods of neuroimaging in collaboration with artificial intelligence technologies are modern tools for the diagnosis and prevention of cognitive impairment and healthy aging of the H. sapiens brain.