Effect of Glibenclamide on Motor and Behavioral Activity of Animals with Traumatic Brain Injury in the Highlands

Abstract

Human activity is associated with the risk of injury. The rate of cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in high-altitude conditions is high. It should be assumed that exogenous hypoxia will have a significant impact on the development of the clinical consequences of TBI. However, information about the behavior of animals on the background of TBI in the highlands is scarce. The search for means of correcting brain injuries remains an urgent issue. To date, glibenclamide has been proposed for this purpose, but its effect in the highlands has not been studied. Objective: to evaluate the effect of glibenclamide on the behavioral activity of animals with TBI in the highlands. The object of the study is 82 white male rats weighing 250–310 g. The low-mountain series of the experiment was carried out at an altitude of 760 m above sea level (Bishkek). The high-altitude series was modeled on the Tuya-Ashu pass — 3200 m above sea level (Kyrgyzstan). TBI was reproduced according to the method of Y. Tang (1997). Correction with glibenclamide at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg per os. Behavioral activity was evaluated using the Open Field method, and muscle strength was evaluated using the S. V. Speransky method on the 3rd day of the experiment. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out in the SPSS 16.0 program. TBI in the low mountains resulted in a decrease in locomotor activity by 67% (P<0.001), and efficiency — by 43% (P<0.001). In the group of rats with TBI in the highlands, compared with the data of healthy animals that visited the same altitude, locomotor activity decreased by 44% (P<0.001), racks — by 60% (P<0.001), minks — by 76% (P< 0.01), grooming — by 55% (P<0.01), the number of boluses of defecation increases by 37% (P<0.05). Correction of TBI with glibenclamide in the highlands led to an increase in locomotion by 2 times (P<0.001), standing — by 2.3 times, peering into minks — by 4 times (P<0.01), working capacity — by 2.04 times (P<0.001). The level of defecation decreased by 70% (P<0.001). Violations of the behavior of rats in the highlands with TBI without the use of glibenclamide are more pronounced than in experiments in the foothills. Correction of TBI that occurred in the highlands demonstrates a positive neurotropic effect of glibenclamide.