Parkinsons Disease-Like Neuropathology and Phenotype Following Induction of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Brain

Abstract

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor deficits caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra (SN) and Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA). However, clinical data revealed that not only the dopaminergic system is affected in PD. Pharmacological models support the concept that modification of noradrenergic transmission can influence the PD-like phenotype induced by neurotoxins. Exposure to ambient pollutants such as air pollutants also can be adversely impacted the Central Nervous System (CNS) by the activation of proinflammatory pathways and reactive oxygen species. Thus, targeting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress can be a useful strategy to eliminate the obvious symptoms of neurodegeneration. Overall, in the current mini-review, we examined the neuroprotective role of noradrenaline in the model of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.