Clinical and radiological assessment of the condition of implants with fixed structures in the dynamics of 20-year follow-up

Abstract

The statistically significant long-term results of the implant survival and the effectiveness of prostheses are inadequately represented in scientific literature. The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of prosthetics with fixed structures on the intraosseous dental implants for the replacement of partially absent dentition in the dynamics of the 20-year follow-up. A total of 671 patients with partially missing teeth were examined at the Clinical Center of Dentistry of the FMBA of Russia, who were fitted with 1,700 intraosseous titanium dental implants with the terms from the moment of completion of prosthetics on implants of 5, 10, 15 or 20 years. The criteria for clinical and radiological evaluation of the implant condition were as follows: no complications affecting the condition of periimplant tissues (normal), mucositis, periimplantitis with bone resorption at 1/3 or 1/2 of the implant height, implant removal. Based on 20 years of experience, prosthetics with fixed structures on implants is highly effective in replacing the partial defects of dentition. In total, 62.2% of implants remain functional for 20 years. The average life of implant-supported fixed prostheses is 15 years for bridges, and 20 years for single and combined implant-supported crowns. The most effective are single implant-supported crowns, and the least effective are prostheses supported by implants and teeth. The significantly preserved implant-supported prostheses make it possible to support the concept of the long-term implant installation with respect to the implant-supported non-removable prostheses. The view is thus confirmed that the effectiveness of the implant-supported prosthetics is reduced with the inclusion of teeth in the bridge support, along with implants.