Affiliation:
1. Central University of Gujarat,Gujarat,India,382030,
Abstract
Graphene-based electrodes are potential candidates and significantly
participate in electrochemical reactions, providing high reactivity and selectivity. Their
reaction assists in transferring electrons between the electrode and reactants and
facilitates an intermediate chemical transformation described by an overall half-cell
reaction. Graphene-based materials with metal/metal oxides and sulphides have been
extensively applied for the fabrication of highly sensitive electrochemical sensors.
They have excellent physical, chemical, electrical, and surface properties and are
extensively used in the development of sensors. Graphene-based nanomaterials have
also been successfully utilised for clinical diagnosis, disease treatment, and many
biocompatible sensors. This chapter mainly focuses on the sensing mechanism of
graphene-based electrochemical sensors via different approaches of potentiometry,
amperometry/voltammetry, and conductometry. The electronic properties of graphene based nanomaterials have been briefly discussed and are responsible for their
outstanding sensing ability. We have also explored different forms of graphene and its
derivatives with their properties and applicability in fabricating electrochemical sensors
to better influence graphene for superior functioning. There is also a discussion about
the general reactions (reduction/oxidation) involved within analytes and graphene
materials in fabricating electrochemical sensors. Finally, a conclusion was drawn on
the basis of the usage of graphene-based materials in electrochemical sensors for future
electrocatalytic applications in various fields of biomedical diagnosis, environmental
monitoring, food sensors, and hazardous fumes.<br>
Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS