Animal Models in Dentistry

Abstract

Dentistry is a medical specialty that deals with teeth and gums, and animal models play an important part in its research and teaching. The use of animal models dates back centuries, and animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and horses have been utilized to investigate dental diseases and the anatomy and function of teeth. The selection criteria for animal models include their human-like physiology, the accessibility of relevant genetic resources, and usability and affordability. Animals are employed for research on various dental conditions, such as periodontal disease, dental caries, and oral cancer. Periodontitis is a dangerous gum infection that can lead to tooth loss, frequently brought on by a lack of oral hygiene. Dental caries are studied in animal models, and new preventative and therapeutic methods are explored. Oral cancer is studied, and its course and therapies are tested using animal models. The use of test methods specified by the International Organization for Standardization has helped to evaluate the biological reaction of various dental substances. Hamsters, which are usually correlated to mice, are employed to examine the features of periodontal and cariogenic diseases. Disease transmission can be studied in these animals as well. The dog periodontium is the one that most closely resembles that of humans. Canine periodontal disease is highly reflective of its human counterpart, and gingival recession is a hallmark of periodontitis in dogs, as it is in humans. Although animal models have been instrumental in the field of dentistry, there is not a single animal model that adequately replicates human soft and hard tissues, and it is crucial to choose an experimental model in light of the goals of the study.