Biosurfactants: An Amazing Bioactive Compound

Abstract

Biosurfactants are organic compounds synthesized by microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, or fungi. These compounds exhibit intricate chemical compositions and unique physical properties, often surpassing or rivaling synthetic surfactants. Furthermore, they typically have low toxicity towards freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems, making them environmentally favorable for various applications. To date, the primary focus of biosurfactant research has centered on enhancing the biodegradation and recovery of oil. These substances have demonstrated their utility in aiding the removal of hazardous contaminants from polluted areas due to their capacity to solubilize and emulsify harmful pesticides. Their versatility as chemical agents renders them suitable for deployment in both biotechnological and industrial applications. This review aims to provide readers with an extensive comprehension of recent advancements in utilizing biosurfactants and the microorganisms responsible for their production. This knowledge encompasses their medical applications, metal remediation technology, and hydrocarbon-related industries.