Experimental Breast Cancer Models: Preclinical Imaging Perspective

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in women. 13% of breast cancer patients are at a distant stage and mortality is due to metastases rather than primary disease. The unique genetic structure and natural process of breast cancer make it a very suitable area for targeted therapies. Experimental tumor models are validated methods to examine the pathogenesis of cancer, the onset of the neoplastic process and progression. Objective: This study aims to review the current literature on experimental breast cancer models and to bring a new perspective to the use of these models in teranostic preclinical studies in terms of the imaging. Methods: Search for relevant literature from academic databases using keywords (Breast cancer, theranostic, preclinical imaging, tumor models, animal study, and tailored therapy) was conducted. The full text of the articles was reached and reviewed. Current scientific data has been reevaluated and compiled according to subtitles. Results and Conclusion: The development of animal models for breast cancer research has been done in the last century. Imaging methods used in breast cancer are used for tumor localization, quantification of tumor mass, imaging of genes and proteins, evaluation of tumor microenvironment, evaluation of tumor cell proliferation and metabolism and treatment response evaluation. Since human breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases in terms of genetics and phenotype; it is not possible for a single model to adequately address all aspects of breast cancer biology. Considering that each model has advantages and disadvantages, the most suitable model should be chosen to verify the thesis of the study.