Synthesis, application, and antibacterial activity of new direct dyes based on chromene derivatives

Abstract

Aim: The goal of this study is to synthesise, analyse, and employ two new direct dyes based on chromenes derivatives as the chromophoric moiety in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton, with good colour strength, light fastness, and other desirable features. Background: The quest for new direct dyes with antimicrobial qualities for Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungus is underway. These dyes are commonly used on cotton, silk, and wool materials, which have great light fastness, washing, rubbing, and sweating fastness. Methods: Antibacterial activity has been measured for all dyeing fabrics. The parent structure 1 has been synthesized previously as part of the experiment. Then, these dyes are prepared by diazotization followed by coupling reaction, Results and Discussion: The p-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid (C1) and 4-Aminoazobenzene-3,4'-disulfonic acid (C2) are diazotized in hydrochloric acid with sodium nitrite, then coupled with compound 1 in a molar ratio (1: 1) at 250C until the pH is fixed at 5. Finally, the monoazo and diazo direct dyes (D1 and D2) are created. Conclusion: Wool, silk, and cotton materials benefit from the synthetic dyes' increased antibacterial action and dyeing qualities (exhaustion and fixing). They also offer better fastness qualities (light, rubbing, and perspiration).