Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Roles in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19

Author:

Kenarkoohi Azra1ORCID,Maleki Maryam2ORCID,Safari Tahereh3ORCID,Kaffashian Mohammad Reza2ORCID,Saljoughi Fateme4ORCID,Sohrabipour Shahla5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

2. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

3. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

4. Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

5. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Abstract

The new pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a wide range of clinical consequences, from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory failure, and it is very heterogeneous. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is well recognized as a key regulating system in circulatory homeostasis that plays prominent roles in pathophysiological processes in abnormal activation, for instance, renal and cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and stroke. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2) is a component of the RAS system. However, unlike the ACE, its activity is not inhibited by the ACE inhibitors. The major product of ACE2 is Ang1-7, known as a vasodilator peptide and part of the depressant arm of the RAS. There are two forms of ACE2; Transmembrane ACE2 and soluble ACE2. Coronavirus is covered with some proteins in order to help viral attachment to the cell membrane ACE2 as a receptor and then fuse and enter the cells. ACE2 was expressed in the oral cavity, salivary glands of the mouth, esophagus, myocardial cells, kidney, and enterocytes, along with all the respiratory tract, intestine, and blood vessels. In this article, the renin- angiotensin system and its components have been explained. Moreover, the organs involved in COVID-19 disease, and the possible causes of damage to these organs have also been discussed. The probable mechanism of using ACE2 in viral attachment and the probable treatment processes will also be reviewed based on the surface proteins of the virus and ACE2. In addition, we briefly discuss anti-angiotensin drugs and why patients with chronic diseases are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection and show worse progression.

Funder

Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Subject

Internal Medicine

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3