Diagnostic accuracy and validity of serological and molecular tests for Hepatitis B and C: A review article

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatitis B and C viruses are among the leading causes of health problems globally, and their early diagnosis and treatment are very important. Thereby, this study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of functional diagnostic tests to detect hepatitis B and C viruses in the clinical setting and compare them with each other. Materials and methods: In this review article, we have searched major online databases, including PubMed and EMBASE. Forty-two retrieved articles, published between January 2000 and January 2020, are summarized in this review. Results: Immunoassay approaches are general techniques for identifying pathogenic agents, among which ELISA is the gold standard for the detection of HBsAg. While serological techniques are not conclusive, Molecular assays are really important because of the high sensitivity to detect chronic hepatitis B without HBeAg, in which viral loads are very low. Biosensors have higher selectivity and sensitivity and faster responses compared to other methods. Conclusions: This study suggests that all molecular, serological, and biotechnological assays have advantages and disadvantages for diagnosing hepatitis B and C viruses, depending on the condition. Therefore, we should choose one of them in regards to time, cost, and laboratory equipment along with the clinical symptoms.