Recent Advances in the Prevention and Management of Monkeypox Viral Infection in Humans

Abstract

Background: There have been several neglected infectious pathogens that have reemerged in the last few decades, including the monkeypox virus, a virus from the orthopoxviral genus that causes monkeypox and is transmitted between animals and humans. The human monkeypox outbreak has spread to several different countries. Because of the outbreak's unusually high case count and lack of connections to endemic nations, there are concerns that the monkeypox transmission pattern may have changed. Objective: The current study aimed to provide recent advancements in the prevention and management of the monkeypox virus in humans. Methodology: We have highlighted recent advancements in the prevention and management of the monkeypox virus in humans in this work. Results: For the treatment and prevention of monkeypox, new medications and vaccinations are being used, and more study is needed to understand the epidemiology, biology, and ecology of the virus in endemic regions and stop future global outbreaks. Vaccines available in the market for the treatment of viruses are JYNEOS and ACAM2000. Some of the antiviral drugs, such as tecovirimat, brincidofovir, cidofovir, trifluridine, and vaccinia immune globulin, are used for the treatment of the monkeypox virus. Some of the vaccines, such as NIOCH-14, Cidofovir, CMX-001, and ST-246, are currently in clinical trials. Conclusion: We have, herein, covered features of monkeypox viral biology that are important for risk assessment and getting ready for an outbreak of the monkeypox virus, with a focus on recent advances in knowledge of the virus's host range, evolutionary potential, and potential targets for neutralization.