Vesicle Trafficking, Autophagy and Nanoparticles: A Brief Review

Author:

Li Tianzhong1,Yang Mengsu1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China

Abstract

Background:Nanomedicine shows a huge promise for incurable diseases. So far, more than 50 nanoparticles have been approved by FDA and around 80 nanoformulations are currently in clinical trials. Nanoparticles possess several advantages over traditional drugs, including higher biocompatibility and bioavailability. One of the challenges for their wide application is insufficient understanding of the molecular network related to internalization of particles and intracellular release of cargos.Objective:This article aims to review the interactions between nanoparticles, vesicle transportation and autophagy pathways. The underlying molecular machinery is also discussed.Methods:For each step of the vesicle trafficking and autophagy, details of signaling pathways are described for a better understanding of the interactions between delivery vehicles and biomolecules within the cell.Conclusion:The selection of cellular uptake route mainly depends on physical characteristics of nanoparticles. For nanoparticles modified with ligands, they undergo receptormediated endocytic pathway. Once residing within the cells, cargos are released after disruption of endosomes, a mechanism called ‘proton sponge effect’. Besides, internalized nanoparticles either can be exocytosized, or they initiate the autophagy response, affecting the intracellular distribution of drugs.

Funder

Hong Kong Research Grant Council

Knowledge Innovation Program of Shenzhen Municipal Government, Shenzhen

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Subject

Biomedical Engineering,Medicine (miscellaneous),Bioengineering

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