Nanostructured Transition Metal Sulfide-based Glucose and Lactic Acid Electrochemical Sensors for Clinical Applications

Abstract

Abstract: Engineered nanostructures of mixed transition metal sulfides have emerged as promising nanomaterials (NMs) for various electrochemical sensors and biosensors applications, including glucose sensors (GS) and lactic acid sensors (LAS) in clinical aspects. Electrochemical sensors based on nanostructured materials, such as transition metal sulfides and their nanocomposites, in-cluding graphene, carbon nanotubes, molecularly imprinted polymers, and metal-organic frame-works, have emerged as potent tools for the monitoring and quantification of biomolecules. Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection systems have generally been established credibly by providing new functional surfaces, miniaturization processes, and different nanostructured mate-rials with exceptional characteristics. This review provides an overview of glucose and lactic acid sensors based on transition metal nanomaterials and their nanocomposites with a detailed discussion about the advantages and challenges. The merits of nanoscale transition metal sulphide-based elec-trochemical sensors and biosensor systems include cost-effectiveness, ease of miniaturization pro-cess, energy- and time-efficient, simple preparation, etc. Moreover, online sensing competence is the dynamic strength for sustained progress of electrochemical detection systems, thus fascinating interdisciplinary research. In particular, we discuss the synthesis, characteristics, electrode construc-tion strategies, and uses in electrochemical sensing of glucose and lactic acid primarily based on our most recent research and other reports. In addition, the challenges and future perspectives of the nanostructured transition metal sulfides-based electrochemical sensing and biosensing systems to-ward the detection of glucose and lactic acid are described.