Understanding the Monoclonal Antibody Involvement in Targeting the Activation of Tumor Suppressor Genes

Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have always provided outstanding therapeutic arsenal in the treatment of cancer, be it hematological malignancies or solid tumors. Monoclonal antibodies mediated targeting of cancer genes in general and tumor-suppressor genes, in particular, have appreciably allowed the possibilities of trafficking these antibodies to specific tumor mechanisms and aim for the pin-point maneuvered tumor treatment strategies. The conventional cancer treatment options are associated with enormous limitations like drug resistance, acute and pan-toxic side effects and collateral damage to other unrelated cells and organs. Therefore, monoclonal antibody-mediated treatments have some special advantages of specific targeting of cancer-related genes and minimizing the off-target side effects. A large number of monoclonal antibody-mediated treatment regimen viz. use of immunoconjugates, clinically targeting TGFβ with pan-TGFβ monoclonal antibodies, p53 by its monoclonal antibodies and EGFRtargeted monoclonal antibodies, etc. have been observed in the recent past. In this review, the authors have discussed some of the significant advances in the context of targeting tumor suppressor genes with monoclonal antibodies. Approximately 250 articles were scanned from research databases like PubMed central, Europe PubMed Central and google scholar up to the date of inception, and relevant reports on monoclonal antibody-mediated targeting of cancer genes were selected. mAb mediated targeting of tumor suppressor genes is a recent grey paradigm, which has not been explored up to its maximum potential. Therefore, this review will be of appreciable significance that it will boost further in-depth understanding of various aspects of mAb arbitrated cancer targeting and will warrant and promote further rigorous research initiatives in this regard. The authors expect that this review will acquaint the readers with the current status regarding the recent progress in the domain of mAbs and their employability and targetability towards tumor suppressor genes in anti-cancer therapeutics.