Nutrition and Nutraceuticals in Neuroinflammatory and Brain Metabolic Stress: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders

Author:

Pandareesh M.D.1,Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar2,Razack Sakina3,Amruta Narayanappa2,Choudhari Ramesh4,Vikram Ajit5,Doddapattar Prakash5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York-10314, United States

2. Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia-65201, Missouri, United States

3. Department of Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Karnataka, India

4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, El Paso 79905, United States

5. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, IA, United States

Abstract

Background and Objective: A steep rise in the incidences of neurodegenerative disorders could be the combined effect of several non-genetic factors such as increased life expectancy, environmental pollutants, lifestyle, and dietary habits, as population-level genetic change require multiple generations. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic over-nutrition induces brain metabolic stress and neuroinflammation, and are individually known to promote neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). Although the association of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis with the dietary habits is well known, neuronal implications of diet and nutritional factors is still in its infancy. Transcriptomics and proteomics-based studies support the view that nutraceuticals target multiple neuroprotective pathways in a slow but effective manner without causing severe adverse effects, and may represent the future of tackling neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion: In this article we i) review the diet/dietary supplement connection with brain metabolic stress and neuroinflammation and ii) summarize current knowledge of the effects of nutraceuticals on neurodegenerative disorders.

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Subject

Pharmacology,General Neuroscience

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