Phytochemicals for Cancer Treatment: An Update on Plant-Derived Anti-Cancer Compounds and their Mechanisms of Action

Author:

Ullah Sana12ORCID,Khan Tariq3,Khan Taimoor4,Ali Muhammad5,Khaliq Jan Abdul6,Khan Shinwari Zabta78,Khan Ajmal1,Al-Farsi Mohamed1,Waqas Muhammad1

Affiliation:

1. Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Oman

2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77550, Texas;

3. Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan

4. School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

5. Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

6. Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Pakistan

7. Department of Botany, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

8. National Council for Tibb, Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract

Abstract: Cancer remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Scientists from different fields are working to devise an efficient treatment strategy in order to reduce the global burden of cancer. Commonly used treatment approaches for cancer treatment include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, radiation, surgery, etc. These treatment procedures have several pitfalls, such as toxicity, limited bioavailability, rapid elimination, poor specificity, and high cost. On the other side, plant-derived anticancer compounds exhibit several advantages and can overcome these shortcomings. Plant-based anticancer compounds are safer, potent, easily available, and comparatively cost-effective. The current review discusses pure plant- based compounds that are used as a therapeutic remedy for anticancer application. The proposed mechanisms of action, through which these compounds inhibit cancer cell growth, tumor growth, angiogenesis, instigate apoptosis, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane degradation, and reduce cell viability as well as cell cycle progression, are also reviewed. These naturally occurring compounds exhibit great therapeutic potential and could be used as candidate drugs in clinical applications.

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

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