Karanjin, A Promising Bioactive Compound Possessing Anti-cancer Activity against Experimental Model of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Abstract

Aims:: The aim of this study is to isolate the Millettia pinnata (Karanj) leaf extract for pure compound with anticancer properties and to study the molecular target of the isolates in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. background: In our earlier research Millettia pinnata leaf extract has demonstrated potential anticancer activities. Thus, in pursuit of the bioactive compound most potential active extract from our previous study was purified. Furthermore, anticancer properties of the isolated compound karanjin was studied and aimed, inducing apoptosis and restraining growth objective: The objective of this study was to identify the key molecules involved in restrain cancer proliferation, by inducing apoptosis, Isolation and characterization of the molecule and identify the molecular mechanism of action. method: A novel method was developed through column chromatography for isolation and purification of the compound karanjin from leaf chloroform extract. The purified component was then characterised using mass spectrometry, FTIR, and NMR. An MTT-based cytotoxicity assay was used to analyse cell cytotoxicity, whereas fluorescence staining were used for apoptosis and reactive oxygen species inhibition quantification. Furthermore the real-time PCR assay was used to determine the molecular mechanism of action in cells causing cytotoxicity induced by karanjin dosing. result: The anticancer activity of karanjin in A549 cell line exhibited prominent activity revealing IC50 value of 4.85 µM. Conferring the predicted molecular pathway study, karanjin restrains the proliferation of cancer cells through apoptosis, which is controlled by extrinsic pathway enzymes FAS/FADD/Caspases 8/3/9. Down-regulation of KRAS and dependent gene expression also stopped cell proliferation. conclusion: Karanjin has been identified as compound with potential effect in non-small cell lung cancer. Molecular mechanism for apoptosis and inhibition of reactive oxygen species induced through H2O2 were observed concluding karanjin having medicinal and antioxidant properties.