Osmundacetone Inhibits Angiogenesis of Infantile Hemangiomas through Inducing Caspases and Reducing VEGFR2/MMP9

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to explore the potential of Osmundacetone (OSC) as a new treatment for infantile hemangiomas (IH), the most common benign tumors in infancy. Currently, propranolol serves as the primary treatment for IH, but its effectiveness is limited, and it poses challenges of drug resistance and side effects. Therefore, there is a pressing need to identify alternative therapies for IH. Methods: The effects of OSC on the proliferation and apoptosis of HemECs (endothelial cells from hemangiomas) were assessed using CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, HOCHEST 33342 staining, and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate OSC's influence on Caspases and angiogenesis-related proteins. Animal models were established using HemECs and BALB/c mice, and histological and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to evaluate the impact of OSC on mouse hemangiomas, VEGFR2, and MMP9 expression. Results: OSC treatment significantly reduced HemECs' viability and colony-forming ability, while promoting apoptosis, as indicated by increased HOCHEST 33342 staining. OSC upregulated the protein expression of Bax, PARP, Caspase9, Caspase3, AIF, Cyto C, FADD, and Caspase8 in HemECs. In animal models, OSC treatment effectively reduced hemangioma size and improved histopathological changes. OSC also suppressed VEGFR2 and MMP9 expression while elevating Caspase3 levels in mouse hemangiomas. Conclusion: OSC demonstrated promising results in inhibiting HemECs' proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and ameliorating pathological changes in hemangiomas in mice. Moreover, it influenced the expression of crucial caspases and angiogenesis-related proteins. These findings suggest that OSC holds potential as a novel drug for clinical treatment of IH.