Comparison of Safety and Effectiveness between Levetiracetam and Phenytoin in the Treatment of Pediatric Status Epilepticus: A Meta- Analysis

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of levetiracetam and phenytoin by evaluating the events of seizure termination and recurrence in children. Methods: We used the internet databases PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar to conduct a literature search for the appropriate studies. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio using fixed and random-effects models. Results: We identified 15 studies that were eligible for the meta-analysis. The incidence of seizure termination within 24 h was 76.9% for levetiracetam and 70.5% for phenytoin. Levetiracetam had a higher number of seizure termination events than phenytoin (P = 0.005, I2 = 66%). The incidence of seizure recurrence within 24 h was 10% for levetiracetam and 15.6% for phenytoin. Phenytoin had a significantly higher number of seizure recurrence events than levetiracetam (P = 0.00007, I2 = 21%). Conclusions: The efficacy and safety of levetiracetam are superior to that of phenytoin in children with status epilepticus. Large Randomized Controlled Trial studies are needed to confirm the result in children. Registration Number: INPLASY2021100082 at https://inplasy.com