The Correlation between Pain, Stress, and Oral Function in Oral and Maxillofacial Infection and Trauma Patients

Abstract

Background: The relationship between stress and acute pain has been documented in previous studies. Yet, very few studies have evaluated the relationship between stress and acute orofacial pain and its impact on jaw functional activities. Objective: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the correlation between acute orofacial pain, stress, and the limitation of the jaw and facial activities in oral and maxillofacial infection and oral and maxillofacial trauma patients. Methods: The current study recruited 50 (16 male, 34 female) patients from the Emergency Unit of the Ujung Berung Hospital, Bandung Indonesia. Twenty-five patients were those who had oral and maxillofacial trauma, and the rest were those who had an oral and maxillofacial infection. The patient’s stress level was evaluated by measuring their salivary alpha-amylase level, the pain level was measured by using the numeric rating scale (NRS), whilst the limitation of the jaw and facial activities was measured by using the Jaw and Facial Activities Limitation (JFAL) Questionnaire. All data were analysed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: Based on the analysis, it was revealed that there was no significant correlation (r = 0.176, p= 0.22) between stress and pain level. When associated with jaw and facial activities limitation, there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.555, p < 0.01) found between pain level and jaw and facial activity limitation. Conclusion: The current study concluded that there was a significant positive correlation found between pain and jaw activity limitation on oral and maxillofacial infection and trauma patients.