The Effectiveness of LISTEXTM P100 in Reducing the Biofilm of Listeria spp. on Steel, Plastic, and Galvanised Surfaces

Abstract

Background: Eliminating and managing L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii biofilms is a significant problem for food safety, as listeriosis is among the worst foodborne illnesses. Method: The Listex P100 bacteriophage's bactericidal and inhibitory properties have been investigated in relation to varying strains of vegetative cells and biofilms of L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii. Results: The phage concentrations of 109 and 1010 PFU/ml showed strong antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii at both 10°C and 30°C (P<0.05). In 96- well microplate experiments, bacteriophage treatment inhibited biofilm development and reduced biofilm by up to 57.6% (P ≤ 0.05). When compared to controls, Listex P100 bacteriophage significantly reduced the populations of L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii biofilms on the surfaces of galvanised, stainless steel, and plastic surfaces where holes were produced and the structure of Listeria spp. was disturbed. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated that L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii biofilms on galvanised, stainless steel, and plastic surfaces might be removed by using Listex P100 bacteriophage.