Case Report of Sotalol Induced IgA Vasculitis

Abstract

Background: IgA vasculitis is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in children but can occur in adults. Inciting antigens include infections, drugs, foods, insect bites, and immunizations. Antibiotics and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha inhibitors are the most common class of drugs that cause IgA vasculitis. Although sotalol and rivaroxaban have been documented to cause leukocytoclastic vasculitis, we have never come across any literature attributing IgA vasculitis to either drug. Additionally, Rocky Mountain spotted fever has not been associated with IgA vasculitis despite being described in cutaneous and systemic vasculitis cases. Here, we present a case of IgA vasculitis triggered by sotalol with challenging differentials, including a recent infection with Rocky Mountain spotted fever, malignancy, and rivaroxaban as possible triggers. Case Presentation: 68 yr old male with a history of lung cancer treated with resection and chemotherapy 5 years ago is currently in remission, and recently was started on sotalol and rivaroxaban for new-onset paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. He presented with diffuse petechial/purpural rash on the lower limbs, multiple joint pain, severe abdominal pain and rectal bleeds, hemoptysis, and renal dysfunction. IgG titers for RMSF were high. Punch biopsy of skin and renal biopsy were consistent with IgA vasculitis. Sotalol and rivaroxaban were stopped. The patient was treated with oral prednisone, and his condition relatively improved. Conclusion: Ig A vasculitis is mostly a self-limiting disease, but adults tend to have a severe course. It is important to diagnose early and identify a trigger. Removing the offending agent or treating the underlying infection is an important aspect of management.