Exploring the Bioactivity of Soil Streptomyces sp. BACSAS14: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach

Abstract

Background: Discovery of novel anti-cancer drugs from natural origin has increased tremendously due to the resistance of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs in breast cancer therapy and its high toxicity to undesirable side effects. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the bioactivity of secondary metabolites derived from Actinobacteria sp. BACSAS14 isolated from a vegetable farm in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, and India. Methods: Five actinomycetes strains were isolated and screened for antagonistic activity by the agar well diffusion method. Out of which, Actinobacteria sp. BACSAS14 exhibited potency, and its crude extract was tested for anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and antioxidant potential. The Actinobacteria sp. BACSAS14 ethyl acetate extract was analyzed by Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Thin Layer Chromatography to determine the bioactive compounds. A drug interaction study with the anti-inflammatory protein COX-2, anti-oxidant protein lipoxygenase, and anti-cancer protein MT1-MMP was done by molecular docking analysis. Results: Maximum activity was found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19 mm) at a concentration of 500 μL. Maximum inhibitory activity was 98.8±0.98 % at a concentration of 5 mg/mL with an IC50 value of 417.58 μg/mL. Maximum antioxidant activity was 67.87 ± 0.59% at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. At an extract concentration of 500 μg/mL, cell viability was found to be 31.62 ± 0.79 with an IC50 value of 365.23 μg/mL. The compound with the lowest binding energy was observed to be sulfurous acid, cyclohexylmethyl isohexyl ester. In-silico studies of sulfurous acid, cyclohexylmethyl isohexyl ester revealed promising anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anticancer potential. Conclusion: The current study reported that the bioactive secondary metabolites of Actinobacteria sp. BACSAS14 retains anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. This is the first report stating the production of the metabolite sulfurous acid, cyclohexylmethyl isohexyl ester from Actinobacteria sp. BACSAS14.