Antidiabetic and Renoprotective Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Mimosa pudica Linn. Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Background: Traditional medicine has used Mimosa pudica Linn. for diabetes treatment. This study evaluates the antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of M. pudica leaves on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice. Methods: The cold maceration method was used to extract M. pudica leaves with 80% ethanol at room temperature. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction was obtained from the M. pudica leaves extract by successively partitioning with different solvents. Mice were induced diabetes type 2 by streptozotocin (STZ) at a low dose and treated with EtOAc fraction of M. pudica leaves at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg b.w for 60 days. After 24 hours of the final dose of therapy, the mice were sacrificed to extract blood and kidney tissues for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Results: The EtOAc fraction of M. pudica leaves showed strong activity in improving glucose concentration in the oral glucose tolerance test. Our results showed that EtOAc fraction significantly decreased levels of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and protected kidneys against damage in mice. EtOAc fraction also increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in kidney tissues. Moreover, the renoprotective effect was also observed in the histopathological analysis. Conclusion: Our findings support the fact that the EtOAc fraction of M. pudica leaves has potent anti-diabetic nephropathy activity by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving antioxidant levels.