Effects of Fasting and Phoenix dactylifera on the Expression of Major Drug- Metabolizing Enzymes in the Mouse Livers

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of consuming Phoenix dactylifera and fasting on the mRNA expression of major hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice. Methods: Phoenix dactylifera ethanolic extract was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. We used forty-two male Balb/c mice, which were treated with low (300 mg/kg) and high (2583 mg/kg) doses of Phoenix dactylifera and fasted for 24 hours, two weeks, and one month. Then, we analyzed the expression of cyp3a11, cyp2c29, cyp2d9, and ugt2b1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. In addition, we assessed the relative liver weights of the mice and the hepatic phathohistological alterations. Results: We found that Phoenix dactylifera ethanolic extract contained 38 phytochemical compounds, mainly kaempherol, campesterol, lutein, apigenin, genistein, and isoquercetin. Fasting significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of several drug-metabolizing enzymes in a time-dependent manner and we showed that consuming the low dose of Phoenix dactylifera significantly upregulated the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes more than the high dose. The results of the histological examinations and relative liver weight showed that fasting and consuming of Phoenix dactylifera did not cause any toxicological alterations in the liver of the mice. Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that fasting and consuming of Phoenix dactylifera upregulated the mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing enzymes in mouse livers. These findings may explain, at least partly, the variation of drug response during fasting in the month of Ramadan and would direct future clinical studies in optimizing the dosing of pharmacotherapeutic regimen.