Outbreak of Respiratory Infection: nCoV-2019 Current Status and Its Impact on Global Health

Abstract

Novel coronavirus-2019 (nCoV-2019) emerged as a potentially infectious respiratory disease caused by newly discovered β-coronavirus. nCoV-19 has emerged as a global pandemic due to the rapid transmission and high infection rate commonly involved in acute respiratory illness. Literature search includes various databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus for studies published using a different combination of keywords “coronavius”, “COVID-19”, “SARS”, “MERS”, “antiviral drugs”, “vaccines”, and “immunity”. We collected epidemiology data from the Worldometer portal (data available till 9 October, 2020). Fever, dry cough, dyspnea, sore throat, or fatigue are common clinical symptoms of the infection. Cytotoxic T-cells and T-helper cells plus Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) account for maximum (approximately 80%) of total infiltrate in the pulmonary region of the affected nCoV individuals and act as a significant contributor to the clearance of the infection. This review intends to outline the literature concerning the mode of actual transmission, immune response, and possible therapeutic approach against the virus.