Advancements in Anaphylaxis Management

Abstract

Abstract: Anaphylaxis is defined as a severe life-threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Yet, anaphylaxis is often difficult to diagnose, which in turn leads to a delay in the application of appropriate management. Epinephrine is the medication of choice for the immediate treatment of anaphylaxis. The rest of the actions to be taken during the acute episode of anaphylaxis, including the administration of other medications, will depend on the response to epinephrine. Epinephrine auto-injectors (EAI) are the preferred method for administration of treatment of anaphylaxis in the community setting. However, there are multiple potential barriers for the use of epinephrine during an anaphylactic reaction, related to the physicians and the patients themselves. Strategies to overcome gaps in the acute management of anaphylaxis include novel injection devices and research of new routes for the delivery of epinephrine. Electronic health solutions may also have a role at this level. Long-term management of anaphylaxis is focused on the prevention of new episodes. Etiologic diagnosis and patient education are key to this end. Application of health information technologies, such as telemedicine, social media, and mobile health can be helpful for the long-term management of anaphylaxis. Additionally, some patients may benefit from long-term immunomodulatory and etiologic treatments when allergen avoidance implies negative consequences. The aim of this review article is to address the most recent advances regarding the integral management of anaphylaxis, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures.