Current Trends in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in mankind. SLE's downregulation of T and B lymphocytes could cause the development of autoantibodies, which in turn attack cell surface, nuclear, and cytoplasmic molecules, creating immune complexes that harm tissues. Objective: The objective of the present review is to evaluate SLE's present therapeutic policies and raise consciousness about the disease. Methods: New therapies are rare for SLE. This is due to the complexity of the disease and its various manifestations. Three techniques are used to develop biological treatments for the illness: B-cell modulation, T-cell regulation and cytokine inhibition. This paper reviews the present trends in SLE therapy. Results: Each arm of the immune system is a prospective therapeutic development target for this disease; it involves B-cells, T-cells, interferon (IFN) and cytokines. To date, only one of these agents is been approved for use against lupus, belimumab which comes under B-cell therapy. Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems are the objectives. Currently, although there is no full SLE remedy, drug therapy can minimize organ injury and control active disease, which relies on immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids. Conclusion: It is possible to access SLE treatment in the form of T-cell, B-cell and anticytokine therapies. In these therapies, antibodies and antigens interactions play a major part. Another medication for treating SLE is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as hydroxychloroquine. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are another antiinflammatory treatment that suppresses the growth of cytokines related to inflammation and prevents the recruitment of leukocyte by reducing endothelial cell permeability.