Affiliation:
1. 1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Hippocratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a hereditary genetic disorder predisposing in premature atherosclerosis
and cardiovascular complications. Early diagnosis as well as effective treatment strategies in affected children
are challenges among experts. Universal screening and cascade screening among families with familial hypercholesterolemia
are being controversially discussed. Diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia in children and adolescents
is usually based on clinical phenotype upon LDL-C levels and family history of premature cardiovascular
and/or elevated LDL-C. Treatment approaches for familial hypercholesterolemia in the pediatric population are
multidisciplinary and aim to reduce total cardiovascular risk. The most widely recommended and effective pharmacotherapy
in the pediatric age group is currently statins. Ezetimibe and bile acid sequestrants are usually used
as second-line agents. New therapeutic approaches, such as mipomersen and PCSK9 inhibitors seem promising.
The main gap of evidence remains the lack of longitudinal follow up studies investigating cardiovascular outcomes,
side effects, and effectiveness of treatment starting from childhood. Evidence would be expected in the
near future by cohort and registry studies.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Drug Discovery,Pharmacology
Cited by
20 articles.
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