Oxidative Stress and Accelerated Aging in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorder

Abstract

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming more and more common in today’s world. As people are continuously being exposed to exogenous factors like UV radiations, gamma rays, X-Rays, environmental pollutants and heavy metals, the cases of increased oxidative damage are increasing. Even though some amount of oxidative damage occurs in all metabolic reactions but their increase from the normal level in organisms causes neurodegenerative diseases. These neurodegenerative disorders like Alzeimers, Parkinsons disease and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar, depression are caused due to the decline in physiological and psychological functions caused by ROS and RNS. These ROS and RNS are formed as the result of excess oxidative damage in the system. Methods: The following article goes into detail explaining all the effects caused by excess oxidative damage like ROS/RNS formation and telomere shortening. Further, it explains the pathways of neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric diseases. This article also sheds light on the effective treatments of such disorders by changing lifestyle and activating antioxidant pathways. Conclusion: It is clear that neurodegenerative diseases are caused due to excess oxidative stress and alter the functioning of the central nervous system. The central nervous system undergoes neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric changes.