Assessment of Monitoring and Management Practices of Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia at a Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background:: Hyperprolactinemia is a commonly underestimated adverse effect of antipsychotic medications. There are still no consensus guidelines for the optimal monitoring and treatment strategies. Objective:: The aim of the study was to assess the monitoring and treatment practices of antipsychotic- induced hyperprolactinemia, in addition to the prevalence and risk factors associated with it. Methods:: A retrospective cohort observational study was conducted among patients attending the psychiatric clinics at an academic tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from May 2020 until May 2021, by reviewing each patient’s medical record for up to five years. Results:: Among the 662 patients, 35 patients (5.3%) and 242 patients (36.6%) had their serum prolactin levels monitored (at baseline and at follow-up, respectively). The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was observed in 212 patients (32%). Only 76 patients (36%) were symptomatic. Female gender, younger age, and bipolar disorder had a significantly higher risk of developing hyperprolactinemia. 60% of the confirmed cases received treatment, of which 76 (60%) were adherent to treatment guidelines. The most common treatment strategies implemented were dose reduction (42.5%) and aripiprazole augmentation (29.1%). Conclusion:: It is imperative to conduct a baseline check of prolactin levels before commencing any antipsychotic therapy. Similarly, routine prolactin level monitoring is recommended regardless of symptoms in patients treated with antipsychotics with a possible prolactin-raising effect. Adherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines can improve patient quality of life and therapeutic compliance.