Cyanobacterium: Uses as a Biocontrol Agent, Biofertilizer, and Plant Growth Promoter in Agriculture and Environmental Sustainability

Abstract

Cyanobacteria continue to produce various biologically active compounds of antibacterial, antifungal, antifungal, and antiviral potential. These bioactive compounds also belong to the groups of polyketides, amides, alkaloids, fatty acids, indoles, and lipopeptides. In addition, these cyanobacteria often produce a broad spectrum of antialgal compounds that attempt to inhibit the growth of pathogens by inhibiting their metabolic and physiological activities. We all know that cyanobacteria were among the first microorganisms to live on Earth. Long ago, about billions of years ago, they played a major role in shaping the Earth into the planet we live on today, and they play an important role in a variety of functions in addition to our daily lives. Despite the small genome of cyanobacteria, marine cyanobacteria are also prolific secondary metabolite producers, along with being an essential source of atmospheric oxygen. With the ever-increasing human population and higher post-production waste emissions and increased use of fossil fuels based on food requirements, its concentration in the atmosphere is expected to increase steadily. Since most of the attention related to metabolite production has historically been focused on their freshwater counterparts, marine cyanobacteria present a relatively untapped resource in terms of evolutionary diversity and industrial potential. They are also producers of several complex secondary metabolites with potential applications in human health, biofuels, and bioengineering.