Affiliation:
1. Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong Province, China
2. Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese
Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,
Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
Abstract
Abstract:
Diabetic coronary heart disease is a global medical problem that poses a serious
threat to human health, and its pathogenesis is complex and interconnected. Nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important small molecule used in the body
that serves as a coenzyme in redox reactions and as a substrate for non-redox processes.
NAD levels are highly controlled by various pathways, and increasing evidence has
shown that NAD pathways, including NAD precursors and key enzymes involved in
NAD synthesis and catabolism, exert both positive and negative effects on the pathogenesis
of diabetic coronary heart disease. Thus, the mechanisms by which the NAD pathway
acts in diabetic coronary heart disease require further investigation. This review
first briefly introduces the current understanding of the intertwined pathological mechanisms
of diabetic coronary heart disease, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia,
oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and intestinal flora dysbiosis. Then, we mainly
review the relationships between NAD pathways, such as nicotinic acid, tryptophan, the
kynurenine pathway, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, and sirtuins, and the
pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic coronary heart disease. Moreover, we discuss the potential
of targeting NAD pathways in the prevention and treatment of diabetic coronary
heart disease, which may provide important strategies to modulate its progression.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.